721
MVD outbreaks year
547
MVD outbreaks year
104
MVD outbreaks year
Marburg Virus Disease
Family
Natural host
Human to human transmission
Vaccine
For more information, visit the WHO website.
Total cases
721
Total deaths
547
Mean CFR (%)
62%
Total countries
15
Total HCW
104
Total outbreaks
20
African fruit bats serve as reservoirs for the Marburg virus, which is conveyed by direct contact, sexual contact, or biting.
Humans and non-human primates can contract the virus through viral-contaminated fruit consumption or direct contact with the reservoir hosts.
Disease transmission can also occur through direct contact between NHPs and humans, or from NHPs to humans through bushmeat consumption. See review
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) of the species Orthomarburgvirus marburgense are the causative agents of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Both viruses are part of the Filoviridae family (filovirus).
MVD, formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The average MVD CFR is around 50%. CFR have varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks.
🦇 Rousettus aegyptiacus, a fruit bat of the Pteropodidae family, is the natural host of MARV. The virus is transmitted to 🧑🤝🧑 people from bats and spreads among humans through human-to-human transmission.
| Outbreak | Cases | Deaths | CFR | HCW | Exported? | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2020's | ||||||
| United Republic of Tanzania, Jan 2025-Jan 2025. | 10 | 10 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Rwanda, Sep 2024-Oct 2024. | 66 | 15 | 23% | 52 | No | - |
| United Republic of Tanzania, Mar 2023-Apr 2023. | 9 | 6 | 67% | 2 | No | - |
| Equatorial Guinea, Jan 2023-Apr 2023. | 40 | 35 | 88% | 8 | No | - |
| Ghana, Jun 2022-Jul 2022. | 3 | 2 | 67% | 0 | No | - |
| Guinea, Jul 2021-Aug 2021. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| 2010's | ||||||
| Uganda, Sep 2017-Oct 2017. | 4 | 3 | 75% | 0 | No | - |
| Uganda, Sep 2014-Sep 2014. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 1 | No | - |
| Uganda, Oct 2012-Dec 2012. | 15 | 4 | 27% | 0 | No | - |
| 2000's | ||||||
| Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Jul 2008-Jul 2008. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | Uganda | |
| United States of America, Jan 2008-Jan 2008. | 1 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Uganda | |
| Uganda, Jun 2007-Sep 2007. | 4 | 1 | 25% | 0 | No | - |
| Angola, Oct 2004-Jul 2005. | 374 | 329 | 88% | 21 | No | - |
| 1990's | ||||||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo, Oct 1998-Sep 2000. | 154 | 128 | 83% | 13 | No | - |
| Russian Federation, Jun 1990-Jul 1990. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| 1980's | ||||||
| Kenya, Jun 1987-Jul 1987. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Kenya, Jan 1980-Feb 1980. | 2 | 1 | 50% | 2 | No | - |
| 1970's | ||||||
| South Africa, Feb 1975-Mar 1975. | 3 | 1 | 33% | 1 | Zimbabwe | |
| 1960's | ||||||
| Serbia, Sep 1967-Sep 1967. | 2 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Uganda | |
| Germany, Aug 1967-Nov 1967. | 29 | 7 | 24% | 4 | Uganda | |
Source: WHO. |
||||||
| Outbreak | Cases | Deaths | CFR | HCW | Exported? | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AFR | ||||||
| United Republic of Tanzania, Jan 2025-Jan 2025. | 10 | 10 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Rwanda, Sep 2024-Oct 2024. | 66 | 15 | 23% | 52 | No | - |
| United Republic of Tanzania, Mar 2023-Apr 2023. | 9 | 6 | 67% | 2 | No | - |
| Equatorial Guinea, Jan 2023-Apr 2023. | 40 | 35 | 88% | 8 | No | - |
| Ghana, Jun 2022-Jul 2022. | 3 | 2 | 67% | 0 | No | - |
| Guinea, Jul 2021-Aug 2021. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Uganda, Sep 2017-Oct 2017. | 4 | 3 | 75% | 0 | No | - |
| Uganda, Sep 2014-Sep 2014. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 1 | No | - |
| Uganda, Oct 2012-Dec 2012. | 15 | 4 | 27% | 0 | No | - |
| Uganda, Jun 2007-Sep 2007. | 4 | 1 | 25% | 0 | No | - |
| Angola, Oct 2004-Jul 2005. | 374 | 329 | 88% | 21 | No | - |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo, Oct 1998-Sep 2000. | 154 | 128 | 83% | 13 | No | - |
| Kenya, Jun 1987-Jul 1987. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Kenya, Jan 1980-Feb 1980. | 2 | 1 | 50% | 2 | No | - |
| South Africa, Feb 1975-Mar 1975. | 3 | 1 | 33% | 1 | Zimbabwe | |
| EUR | ||||||
| Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Jul 2008-Jul 2008. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | Uganda | |
| Russian Federation, Jun 1990-Jul 1990. | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | No | - |
| Serbia, Sep 1967-Sep 1967. | 2 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Uganda | |
| Germany, Aug 1967-Nov 1967. | 29 | 7 | 24% | 4 | Uganda | |
| AMR | ||||||
| United States of America, Jan 2008-Jan 2008. | 1 | 0 | 0% | 0 | Uganda | |
Source: WHO. |
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