Total Cases

721

MVD outbreaks year

Total Deaths

547

MVD outbreaks year

Total HCW

104

MVD outbreaks year

👤 Reports of MARV outbreaks in humans

Marburg Virus Disease

Family

Filoviridae family

Filoviridae family

Natural host

Rousettus aegyptiacus

Rousettus aegyptiacus

Human to human transmission

Transmission to HCW

Transmission to HCW

Vaccine

No vaccine

No vaccine

For more information, visit the WHO website.

Total cases

721

Total deaths

547

Mean CFR (%)

62%

Total countries

15

Total HCW

104

Total outbreaks

20

🌎 Worldwide geospatial distribution

African fruit bats serve as reservoirs for the Marburg virus, which is conveyed by direct contact, sexual contact, or biting.

Humans and non-human primates can contract the virus through viral-contaminated fruit consumption or direct contact with the reservoir hosts.

Disease transmission can also occur through direct contact between NHPs and humans, or from NHPs to humans through bushmeat consumption. See review

  • Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV) of the species Orthomarburgvirus marburgense are the causative agents of Marburg virus disease (MVD). Both viruses are part of the Filoviridae family (filovirus).

  • MVD, formerly known as Marburg haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. The average MVD CFR is around 50%. CFR have varied from 24% to 88% in past outbreaks.

  • 🦇 Rousettus aegyptiacus, a fruit bat of the Pteropodidae family, is the natural host of MARV. The virus is transmitted to 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 people from bats and spreads among humans through human-to-human transmission.

Outbreak Cases Deaths CFR HCW Exported? Origin
2020's
United Republic of Tanzania, Jan 2025-Jan 2025. 10 10 100% 0 No -
Rwanda, Sep 2024-Oct 2024. 66 15 23% 52 No -
United Republic of Tanzania, Mar 2023-Apr 2023. 9 6 67% 2 No -
Equatorial Guinea, Jan 2023-Apr 2023. 40 35 88% 8 No -
Ghana, Jun 2022-Jul 2022. 3 2 67% 0 No -
Guinea, Jul 2021-Aug 2021. 1 1 100% 0 No -
2010's
Uganda, Sep 2017-Oct 2017. 4 3 75% 0 No -
Uganda, Sep 2014-Sep 2014. 1 1 100% 1 No -
Uganda, Oct 2012-Dec 2012. 15 4 27% 0 No -
2000's
Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Jul 2008-Jul 2008. 1 1 100% 0 Uganda
United States of America, Jan 2008-Jan 2008. 1 0 0% 0 Uganda
Uganda, Jun 2007-Sep 2007. 4 1 25% 0 No -
Angola, Oct 2004-Jul 2005. 374 329 88% 21 No -
1990's
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Oct 1998-Sep 2000. 154 128 83% 13 No -
Russian Federation, Jun 1990-Jul 1990. 1 1 100% 0 No -
1980's
Kenya, Jun 1987-Jul 1987. 1 1 100% 0 No -
Kenya, Jan 1980-Feb 1980. 2 1 50% 2 No -
1970's
South Africa, Feb 1975-Mar 1975. 3 1 33% 1 Zimbabwe
1960's
Serbia, Sep 1967-Sep 1967. 2 0 0% 0 Uganda
Germany, Aug 1967-Nov 1967. 29 7 24% 4 Uganda

Source: WHO.

Outbreak Cases Deaths CFR HCW Exported? Origin
AFR
United Republic of Tanzania, Jan 2025-Jan 2025. 10 10 100% 0 No -
Rwanda, Sep 2024-Oct 2024. 66 15 23% 52 No -
United Republic of Tanzania, Mar 2023-Apr 2023. 9 6 67% 2 No -
Equatorial Guinea, Jan 2023-Apr 2023. 40 35 88% 8 No -
Ghana, Jun 2022-Jul 2022. 3 2 67% 0 No -
Guinea, Jul 2021-Aug 2021. 1 1 100% 0 No -
Uganda, Sep 2017-Oct 2017. 4 3 75% 0 No -
Uganda, Sep 2014-Sep 2014. 1 1 100% 1 No -
Uganda, Oct 2012-Dec 2012. 15 4 27% 0 No -
Uganda, Jun 2007-Sep 2007. 4 1 25% 0 No -
Angola, Oct 2004-Jul 2005. 374 329 88% 21 No -
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Oct 1998-Sep 2000. 154 128 83% 13 No -
Kenya, Jun 1987-Jul 1987. 1 1 100% 0 No -
Kenya, Jan 1980-Feb 1980. 2 1 50% 2 No -
South Africa, Feb 1975-Mar 1975. 3 1 33% 1 Zimbabwe
EUR
Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Jul 2008-Jul 2008. 1 1 100% 0 Uganda
Russian Federation, Jun 1990-Jul 1990. 1 1 100% 0 No -
Serbia, Sep 1967-Sep 1967. 2 0 0% 0 Uganda
Germany, Aug 1967-Nov 1967. 29 7 24% 4 Uganda
AMR
United States of America, Jan 2008-Jan 2008. 1 0 0% 0 Uganda

Source: WHO.